In those days Arabia, the land of Revelation, was under oppression and tyranny, because it was far from the then capital, Merv, and people could not go there with ease to get redress for their problems.

After the capture of one the village of Kabul in the year 202 AH (817 AD) by the Abbasids, Imam Reza (A.S.) advised Mamun to leave Merv and shift the capital to Baghdad, the seat of government of his ancestors, so that the affairs of the Muslim State might be taken proper care of. He also told him not to relegate those affairs to other in view of his position, since the caliph would be ultimately responsible for any and all consequences.

Mamun, after learning that his uncle Ibrahim had assumed power in Baghdad, decided to go to war against him, and started towards Iraq. He agree  with Imam Reza's (A.S.) opinion, and ordered that arrangements be made to send an advance force towards Baghdad.

Despite Fazl bin Sahl's disagreement with the plan, Mamnun ordered the move towards Iraq. His army along with Imam Reza (A.S.) entered Sarakhs, where he stayed for a while. Mamnun had his own calculation, and in order to regain the favour of the Bani Abbas and to make up for his previous mistakes, he thought of a plan to kill both Fazl bin Sahl and the Imam. He had come to view his shrewd vazir Fazl bin Sahl who was in virtual control of the government, as a thorn in his side, and the personality and lofty status of Imam Reza (A.S.) on the other hand, had reduced him to not much more than an ordinary person in the sight of the people.

In Sarakhs, Fazl was warned  by his brother Hassan bin Sahl, that based on the calculation of the astrologers for that month, he was in danger of tasting the heat of iron  and fire on a particular day. On the down of Friday, however, Fazl bin Sahl went to the public bath in Sarakhs and was attacked by a group of people with swords and was killed.

With Fazl bin Sahl's assassination, Mamun felt relieved by the removal of a shrewd and powerful politician. He now decided to kill Imam Reza (A.S.). As a first step, he placed the Imam under restriction in Sarakhs. During his confinement, the Imam used to offer prayers and supplication to the Almighty. After seven months Mamun and his army along with Imam Reza (A.S.)  headed towards Sanabad.

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